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Coughing can have many different causes, including infectious disease, heart disease, inflammatory conditions, anatomical abnormalities, or cancer. Important for the diagnosis is a thorough history, physical exam, and screening tests, outlined here. More advanced diagnostics are also summarized.
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Listlessness and inappetence are vague signs that can occur in pets for many reasons, both physical and mental. Diagnosis starts with a thorough history and physical exam and may progress to screening tests, including a complete blood test, biochemistry profile, and urinalysis, as well as additional tests. This article outlines the typical tests for listlessness and inappetence.
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Diarrhea can be a simple diagnosis or a complex one. A thorough history and physical exam may be enough to determine the cause; however, in less obvious cases, various tests may be needed. Pending the results, a treatment plan can be developed.
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Fever of unknown origin is a term used for persistent fever in pets. It has many possible causes, including infection, immune-mediated disease, and cancer. Initial steps in diagnosis are history and physical exam, followed by standard screening tests, including a complete blood count, biochemistry profile, and urinalysis. Further testing may be indicated. This article outlines the typical tests.
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Inappropriate urination happens in well-trained pets for many reasons, including inflammation, infection, estrogen deficiency, kidney failure, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, Cushing's disease, neurological disease, or behavioral issues. A number of screening tests will be performed by your veterinarian to determine the root cause of the inappropriate urination. These tests are outlined in this article.
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An increased appetite can be normal in pets that have higher than normal energy requirements, as growing puppies and kittens, pets that exercise strenuously, such as hunting dogs, and pregnant or nursing females. Many diseases can cause an increased appetite, including hyperthyroidism in cats, Cushing's disease, intestinal disease, diabetes or insulinoma, intestinal parasitism, and cancer. Increased appetite can also be caused by certain medications, such as corticosteroids. Diagnosis generally requires a thorough history, physical exam, complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry panel, thyroxine (in cats), and urinalysis. Additional diagnostic testing may be required.
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Various conditions can cause increased thirst (polydipsia) and urination (polyuria). Based on your pet's history and a thorough physical examination, your veterinarian will recommend diagnostic testing to determine the cause. This handout describes several tests that can be performed along with the conditions the results from these tests may indicate.
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Jaundice is caused by the build-up of bilirubin in the tissues due to high blood levels of bilirubin (hyperbilirubinemia) in the blood. Hyperbilirubinemia occurs either due to increased red blood cell destruction (hemolysis), or an inability of the liver to process or excrete bilirubin normally. CBC, biochemistry panel, and urinalysis are tests used to further define the cause of jaundice. Further diagnostics that may be needed and include ultrasound, X-ray, FNA, liver biopsy and/or bacterial culture from fluid found in or around the liver. More specific tests for infectious diseases include FeLV, feline coronavirus, and fungal testing.
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Tests to diagnose kidney disease include complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry, and urinalysis. Further diagnostic tests may be recommended based on the results of these initial screening tests. The additional tests help to identify the cause and severity of kidney disease, which will help determine the best treatment plan for your pet.
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Lameness in your pet can be due to many possible causes. Examination may help determine the cause, but further testing may include radiographs, blood tests, or joint aspirations to help accurately determine the cause. Treatment and prognosis for the lameness will depend on the underlying cause.